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Screening heuristics
Read time4 min readUpdatedDecember 2025

The Resume Error Tax

Errors are read as risk signals. The penalty is not just about spelling.

The Mechanism

Signal of Risk

Studies show that spelling errors reduce interview chances and trigger negative trait inferences.12

The inference ladder

Errors are translated into traits, which become hiring risk.1

The inference cascade
01Error spotted
02Inference: low conscientiousness
03Risk assessment rises
04Screening threshold tightens

One error can trigger this entire cascade in seconds.

Fig. 1 — The LadderHow small errors translate into higher perceived risk

Why the penalty feels harsh

In large resume stacks, recruiters use heuristics. Errors offer a quick justification to move on, even when experience is strong.1

Trait Inference

Evaluators attribute errors to lower conscientiousness or professionalism.1

Risk Compression

Recruiter lens: errors compress uncertainty into a single negative signal.

Definition: error tax

The error tax is the hiring penalty that results from avoidable mistakes. It is not just about spelling, it is about perceived care and reliability.1

Practical fixes

  • Run a spelling and grammar pass before any rewrite work.
  • Standardize dates, dashes, and punctuation.
  • Check for inconsistent capitalization in titles and section headers.

FAQ

Is one typo enough to get rejected?

Not always, but the evidence shows that errors create negative inferences that can lower interview chances.

Do recruiters see formatting issues as errors?

Yes. Inconsistent spacing and alignment are read as carelessness during the first scan.

What is the best first fix?

Run a dedicated error pass before rewriting content.


How RIYP responds

01

Error-first pass

We prioritize error detection before deep content rewrites.

02

Conscientiousness signal

Formatting consistency is treated as a credibility feature, not a cosmetic one.

Sources

  1. Costly mistakes: Evidence on spelling errors in resumes - PLOS ONE (via PMC) (2023).
  2. Costly mistakes: Evidence on spelling errors in resumes (working paper) - EconStor (2021).

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